Wrought iron has been used in the construction process as early as 2000 BC, and had widespread use in the nineteenth century. Although technological advances have seen an increase in less expensive alternatives, the industry is as popular as ever due to the many benefits of wrought iron. Here, we look at the amazing properties of wrought iron, and why a wrought iron fence, entryway, gate or door will make a stunning and long-lasting addition to your home.
What’s the difference between iron and wrought iron?
The word “iron” derives from an Anglo-Saxon word, “iren”. It may have been derived from words meaning “holy metal” because it was used to make swords that were used in the Crusades. The iron element’s atomic number is 26, and its chemical element is the symbol “Fe”, which is derived from the Latin “ferrum”, which means “firmness”. In its natural form, iron is a raw element that is harvested from the earth.
Wrought iron is an iron alloy and has a very low carbon content. This results in it being malleable, tough, long-lasting, and easily welded compared to pure iron. Before the development of effective methods of steelmaking, wrought iron was the most common form of malleable iron. The term “wrought” means “worked” because wrought iron is rolled, hammered or otherwise worked under heat while it was hot enough to expel molten slag.
What are the physical properties of wrought iron?
The physical properties of iron and wrought iron differ. Wrought iron traditionally consists of around 99.4 per cent iron by mass. Its carbon content is typically less than 0.08 per cent compared to cast iron, which generally has between 2.1 per cent and 4 per cent carbon content.
Other mechanical properties of wrought iron include its tensile strength. This refers to the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being pulled or stretched without being permanently damaged. The tensile strength of wrought iron is very high, around 300MPa. MPa refers to megapascal, which is a measure of compressive strength. This is compared to low-tensile materials like rubber, plastics, and low-carbon steels.
What are some beneficial properties of wrought iron?
1. Strength and durability
One of the key characteristics of wrought iron is its strength and durability. Unlike cast iron, which is brittle and prone to cracking, wrought iron is ductile and malleable, making it highly resistant to deformation and impact. This strength makes wrought iron an ideal material for applications where structural integrity is essential, such as fences, railings, and staircases. Other materials like aluminium and wood can be used for these applications, however, wood can warp and rot fairly quickly and is susceptible to weather changes, and aluminium isn’t as strong. This strength and durability is also due to the high melting point of iron, which is around 1583°C.
2. Corrosion resistance
The low carbon levels of wrought iron makes it less susceptible to rust than other forms of iron. However, it still does need regular maintenance to prevent rust altogether. Regarding how to prevent rust, regular cleaning and protective coating applications can ensure it retains its structural integrity for years to come.
3. Easy maintenance
Although the initial cost of wrought iron may be a bit higher than that of other materials, the low maintenance involved is a redeeming feature. Indoor items require very little maintenance aside from occasional dusting, and the cleaning of outdoor items is a bucket of soapy water!
4. Aesthetic appeal
One of the most striking characteristics of wrought iron is its aesthetic appeal. The malleability of the material allows it to be forged into intricate patterns, structures and designs that are both functional and decorative. From simple geometric shapes to elaborate scrollwork, wrought iron can be customised to suit any architectural style, from classic and traditional, to modern and minimalist.
5. Versatility
Wrought iron is also versatile, and can be used on gates, fences, balustrades, entrance ways, doors, windows, furniture, and even artwork. It can also be combined with other materials, like wood or glass, to create unique and visually appealing design elements.
6. Value
There’s no denying that a beautifully designed wrought iron structure adds timely beauty to a home. The durability, price and low maintenance cost also mean that an upfront investment can add additional value to your home. Contact our expert team and discover the amazing properties of wrought iron.